Effects of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States from 2000 to 2007: an analysis of 545 counties in 2000-2007
Correia, A. W. The effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: an analysis of 545 US counties for the period 2000 to 2007. Epidemiology 24, 23–31 (2013).
It’s questionable if the health outcomes of people living in wildfire smoke particles are similar to those of people living in PM2.5 from other sources. The small particles from fires and other pollution sources cause inflammation throughout the body, because they cross from lung to bloodstream. Short-term exposure to wildfire smoke can cause lung problems like asthma worse, as well as a host of other health issues.
“overall, there was a huge improvement but it was not shared evenly,” says Benmarhnia. Communities of color remained exposed to higher pollution, even as total levels dropped. Black communities breathe in more pollution from heavy industry and cars than any other group. That’s a pattern that holds nationwide and over decades, including into today’s efforts to cut back fossil fuel pollution, which are at risk of continuing the disparities.
Zhuang, Y., Fu, R., Santer, B. D., Dickinson, R. E. & Hall, A. Quantifying contributions of natural variability and anthropogenic forcings on increased fire weather risk over the western United States. Proc. There’s the Natl Acad. The USA 118 is in the journalSci. USA.
The Clean Air Act 50 Years After the Establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Its Implications for Long-Term Health and Mortality
Migliaccio led a study that followed Montanans exposed to extremely high doses of smoke for 49 straight days in 2017. It found their lung function was depressed for at least two years afterward.
The Clean Air Act effectively regulates point-source pollution, like soot from power plants. It is not as effective at controlling risk from smoke as it could be, because it is not as widespread and affects far from the fires.
There are steps that people can take to protect themselves from smoke exposure. Installing air filters in your home — and keeping them clean — can go a long way. Health experts recommend wearing N95 or KN95 masks if you have to go outdoors, and to avoid exercise in smoky air if possible.
Currie, J. & Walker, R. What do economists have to say about the clean air act 50 years after the establishment of the environmental protection agency? J. Econ. The perspectives 33, 3–26, were published.
The costs and benefits are related to the Clean Air Act. There are some documents at the US Environmental Protection Agency that show benefits of the Clean Air Act.
Clay, K., Muller, N. Z. & Wang, X. Recent increases in air pollution: evidence and implications for mortality. Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy 15, 154–162 is due to take effect in 2011.
Policy assessment for the consideration of the national atmospheric air quality standards for fine particulate matter (NAAQS) during the US wildfire crisis
Juang, C. S. et al. In the western United States, forest fires grow quickly due to rapid growth of aridity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49, e2021GL097131 (2022).
Tschofen, Azevedo and Muller collaborated on an article. The value added in the US economy is damaged by fine particulate matter. Proc. National Acad. Sci. USA 116, 19857–19862 (2019).
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has a product called Hazard Mapping System Fire and Smoke Product.
Policy Assessment for the Reconsideration of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2022); https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-05/Final%20Policy%20Assessment%20for%20the%20Reconsideration%20of%20the%20PM%20NAAQS_May2022_0.pdf.
The US Forest Service outlines a strategy for protecting communities and improving resilience during the wildfire crisis.
The US Environmental Protection Agency gave a guidance on prescribed fires that could affect the ozone and particulate matter concentrations.
The NOAA Climatology History Series. What Does the POC Number Refer To? (US Environmental Protection Agency). Recent Changes to the Hazard Mapping System
Regional and national monthly, seasonal, and annual temperature weighted by area have been recorded. The series was called the NOAA Climatology History Series.
What Does the POC Number Refer To? (US Environmental Protection Agency, accessed September 2023); https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/what-does-poc-number-refer.
Schroeder, W. et al. Validation analyses of an operational fire monitoring product: the hazard mapping system. Int. J. Remote Senators 29, 6059–6066
Ruminski, M., Kondragunta, S., Draxler, R. & Zeng, J. Recent changes to the hazard mapping system. In Proc. This is the 15th International Emission Inventory Conference.
Koplitz, S. N., Nolte, C. G., Pouliot, G. A., Vukovich, J. M. & Beidler, J. Influence of uncertainties in burned area estimates on modeled wildland fire PM2.5 and ozone pollution in the contiguous US. Atmos. 186, 361, 355, 386, 409, 411, 411, 411, 411.
There are daily estimates of PM 2.5 concentration by zip code and census tract in 11 western states. Sci. Data 8, 112 (2021).
Source: The contribution of wildfire to PM2.5 trends in the USA
Efficient Estimation of Maximum Likelihood Models with Multiple Fixed-Effects: the R package FENmlm
Bergé, L. Efficient estimation of maximum likelihood models with multiple fixed-effects: the R package FENmlm. DEM Discussion Paper Series (Department of Economics, Univ. Luxembourg, 2018).